「この梁さえなければ、上手く家具が収まるのに！」、「梁があるせいで部屋に圧迫感がある！」と悩んでおられる方は意外と多いものです。リフォームやリノベーションをしても、梁を無くすことが出来ないのであれば、意味がないのではないか、と思う方もいらっしゃいます。
本当に梁を無くすことは出来ないのでしょうか？また、リフォームやリノベーションをすることによって、梁があっても邪魔にならない、むしろオシャレな家にすることは出来るのでしょうか？
1.梁は本当に邪魔なの？
梁とはそもそも、何のためにあるのでしょうか？邪魔だと感じる場合は、取っ払うことは出来るのでしょうか？
梁とは？
梁は、建物の水平短径方向にかかっている構造部材のひとつで、上階の床や屋根の重さを支える役割があります。梁は柱と柱の上に架かけることで、梁へかかっている荷重を柱に伝える『大梁』と、柱とは直接繋がっていない『小梁』があり、柱と梁はセットで家を支えています。
建物が倒壊することなく建っているためには、梁は欠かせません。しかし、梁へかかっている荷重は柱に伝わるように建てられているので、梁は天井部分にあり、間取りによっては梁がある部分は天井が低く圧迫感があったり、既製品の家具や建具が入らなかったりして邪魔に感じるかもしれません。
梁を取っ払うことは出来ないの？
梁の役割から分かるように、屋根を含め、家を支える役割を担っている梁を取っ払うことは出来ません。むしろ、リノベーションによる間取りの変更で、柱を取っ払うために、梁を補強することさえあります。しかし、戸建ての木造であれば、屋根の形状を変えたり、架け替えたりする場合は、梁を取っ払うことは出来ないとしても、柱の位置と梁の位置を移動させることは出来るかもしれません。また、木の性質を生かして梁を加工して、照明を付けたり、フックを付けたりすることは可能です。しかし、耐震性を確認したうえで行う必要があるので素人判断で行わないようにしましょう。プロに判断してもらうこと、必要であれば耐震診断を行い、必要な補強が行われているかを確認したうえで、梁に影響する工事を行いましょう。
さらに、集合住宅の場合は、梁や柱などの構造体は共用部分になるので、勝手に取っ払うことは勿論、加工することも規約上行えません。特に鉄筋コンクリート造のマンションであれば、梁も鉄筋コンクリート造で出来ているので、そもそも加工すら行えません。そのため、リノベーションをして住むための中古物件を探す際には、梁の位置や大きさ、高さを確認しておくことは重要です。
しかし、中古物件の中には、間仕切りのためや、デザインのためだけに付け梁をしている場合もあります。この場合は、構造には影響しない部分なので取っ払っても問題ありません。構造体の梁かどうかを、プロに確認してもらったうえで撤去しましょう。
2．梁があってもリノベーションでオシャレな家に！
基本的には、取っ払うことが出来ない梁ですが、リノベーションによって梁が邪魔な存在にならないようにすることが可能です。どのようにリノベーションすれば良いかヒントをご紹介したいと思います。
梁を活用した間取りや収納にする
梁に合わせた高さや奥行きで収納や棚を設置するように造作するなら、梁が目立たなくなり、面が揃うので部屋もスッキリします。梁の幅が30㎝以上あれば、梁の下に棚を付けることで本棚として充分なスペースが取れます。さらに幅が広いのであれば、扉を付けてパントリーや納戸としても活用することが出来るかもしれません。
また、リノベーションで間取りを変えて梁がある部分にクローゼットをもってくるようにすることで、部屋の中で梁が見えなくなるため凹凸がなく、開放的な空間にすることが出来ます。梁の高さや幅が影響しにくい、洗面所や洗濯機を梁がある部分にもってくるようにするという方法もあります。
梁こそがオシャレアイテム！
梁を隠す、目立たないようにする方法ではなく、むしろ梁を見せる、梁そのものをインテリアをオシャレにするアイテムとして使う方法も人気です。天井裏に隠れている梁さえも、天井を解体してスケルトン天井にすることで見せるようにしている方も増えていますし、梁の無い空間にあえて付け梁を設ける方もいらっしゃるほどです。
木造であれば、立派な木梁を見せる事で古民家風のお宅に、鉄筋コンクリート造のお宅であればコンクリートの天井と梁が見えることで、モダンな雰囲気や無機質なインダストリアルテイスのインテリアに仕上げやすくなります。天井の下にある梁は、圧迫感が出てしまいますが、天井を解体してスケルトンにすることで、梁が見えていても、開放的な空間になります。
梁部分だけや梁を境にして天井の仕様を変えたり、カラーを変えたりしてアクセントにすることも出来ます。また、梁にライティングレールを設置してペンダントライトやスポットライトを取り付け、照明デザインを楽しむことも出来るかもしれません。
3. まとめ
屋根や上階の床を支え、家には必要な梁ですが、間取りやコーディネートによっては邪魔と感じてしまうかもしれません。しかし、梁の幅を活用したリフォームを行い、梁下にピッタリ納まる造作家具を作ることや、リノベーションで間取りを変えて梁を隠すように収納スペースを設けたり、梁が気にならない洗面脱衣所にしたりすることが出来ます。また、梁をあえて見せて、インテリアコーディネートしたり、アクセントにしたり、活用して天井や空間を分けることもできます。
邪魔だと思っていた梁も、リフォームやリノベーションをすることで、気にならないどころか、無くてはならないオシャレアイテムにさえなるかもしれません。
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